Fracking and Excessive Greenhouse Gases

Tara gas field, Queensland Australia

Ninety-four hundred miles (give or take) from the Marcellus gas fields folks are worried about the same things: the air they breathe and the water they drink. Farmers in Queensland, Australia have already noticed the water table dropping – not to mention the piles of junk left behind by drilling operators.

Now, residents near Australia’s biggest coal seam gas field can add one more worry to their list: excess greenhouse gases. When researchers from Southern Cross University took mobile air testing equipment to the Tara gas field near Condamine in Queensland, they discovered that the air has more than  three times the level of toxic gases than expected – at least based on the industry's claim that leakage from the wellheads is "negligible."

At sites within a few miles of the Tara field wellheads, methane was measured   as high as 6.89 parts per million, compared with a normal background level of about 2 parts per million, the air test results showed.

Add to that a growing number of health concerns. One physician (with the New South Wales chapter of Doctors for the Environment) told the press of increasing complaints of rashes, nausea, headaches and nose bleeds among people living close to the Tara gas fields.

In unsurprising comments to the press, industry representatives calls the study awaiting peer review “incomplete” and “lacking rigor” and claim the scientists are biased against the gas industry.Read more here.

Federal Judge Tosses "Force Majeure" Out the Window

Just because you can’t “frack” doesn’t mean you can't drill. That’s what U.S. District Court Judge David Hurd told Chesapeake Appalachia the other day. In a decision posted November 15, Hurd rejects force majeure as a reason to hold onto expired leases. Leases, he explain, terminate at the end of their primary terms. His reasoning:

“… The purpose of the leases is to explore, drill, produce, and otherwise operate for oil and gas and their constituents.” And the fact that New York State is still reviewing regulations for high volume horizontal hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) does not stop oil and gas companies from exploring, drilling, producing and otherwise operating, says Hurd.

Even though the state does not allow fracking, “… drilling permits for conventional drilling methods have, and continue to be, issued in the area of plaintiffs’ lands,” wrote Hurd. He clarified that the leases signed by landowners did not limit Chesapeake’s right to drill to a specific type of drilling or a particular formation.

The whole force majeure argument was based on the illusion that the state was preventing the gas companies from drilling. But, notes Hurd, “While defendants submit evidence demonstrating that horizontal drilling combined with HVHF is the only commercially viable method of production in the Marcellus Shale and drilling using conventional methods is impractical,"[m]ere impracticality . . . is not enough to excuse performance." The gas companies “…contracted for access, exploration, and the right to drill for a set period of time.” Not for a specific technique or formation.

This decision brings a sigh of relief to more than 50 landowners in Broome and Tioga counties who were trapped in leases that should have expired years ago.

You can read Judge Hurd's decision here. Read previous posts about the force majeure cases here.

Environmental Groups Demand Reform for PA DEP

Twenty-five organizations are asking PA Governor Tom Corbett to take immediate action to reform the PA Department of Environmental Protection’s well water testing and notification policies. According to a letter sent today, the DEP’s policies are outdated, lack transparency, and do not adequately protect residents and drinking water from pollution caused by gas drilling

The organizations request three things:

(1) That DEP report all data from households where well water was sampled due to suspected pollution from gas and oil operations. A court deposition of the technical director of DEP's Bureau of Laboratories indicated that DEP routinely omits data on 16 of 24 heavy metals for which it conducts water analyses from the final reports provided to well owners. Some of the omitted metals have serious health impacts and have been found in drilling flowback and produced water. DEP should revise its testing protocol to include all potential contaminants so the agency can accurately evaluate drinking water impacts and affected residents can make informed decisions about their water supplies.

(2) That DEP revoke the new policy requiring administrators in Harrisburg to approve any positive notices of water contamination before public notification is made. In response to previously made requests in this regard, Secretary Krancer claimed DEP was fully transparent. In light of the revelations of Kiskadden vs. PADEP, the groups reasoned that the data used by DEP and provided to the public is neither complete nor accurate, and should not be the basis of determining whether pollution has occurred. Notification of contaminated water should be made without delay and bureaucratic red tape eliminated due to the potential harmful health impacts on residents waiting for testing results.

(3) That the missing results from all well water tests ordered by the DEP should be provided immediately to well owners. This includes all tests using special reporting codes that omit from reports data that is necessary for accurate determinations by DEP of whether pollution occurred and whether residents’ health and water supplies are being harmed. Determinations by DEP based on partial data must be questioned.  

“One the biggest fears for people living near drilling is the possibility of having your drinking water supply impacted,” says Steve Hvozdovich, Marcellus Shale Policy Associate with Clean Water Action.  People trust the DEP to safeguard the public, but DEP’s policies and actions have eroded that trust.

 Residents living in gas drilling areas turn to DEP to help them find answers, says Nadia Steinzor, with Earthworks’ Oil & Gas Accountability Project – “not limit the very information on which those answers depend.”

Many people feel that the regulatory agency has held back critical information from those who need it. “Pennsylvania residents in fracked communities have complained for years that DEP has protected the industry instead of protecting their water, air, land and health,” says Iris Marie Bloom, director of Protecting Our Waters. “Withholding information from impacted homeowners endangers public health and is inexcusable.”  

You can read a copy of their letter here. Read more about the problems with DEP’s water quality testing here.

Applied Frackonomics

What's good for the goose is good for the gander... here's how one restaurant owner puts "fracking" regulations - and regulatory exclusions -  into context. A bit of light-hearted commentary for those of us who've heard again and again from earnest industry reps that the chemicals they use to drill through rock and break shale "are the same as what you've got under your kitchen sink".

Drilling near Nuclear Reactors gives new meaning to "Energy Boom"

Chesapeake Energy has a permit for hydraulic fracking just one mile from the Beaver Valley Nuclear Power Station in Shippingport, PA. That’s about 30 miles northwest of Pittsburgh.

The big question is whether blasting away at Marcellus shale might cause a different sort of energy boom at the power station.

The PA Department of Environmental Protection told the press that there are no “required setbacks” specifically related to drilling distances from nuclear facilities. On the other hand, they know of no other well located near a nuclear facility. And the Nuclear Regulatory Commission doesn’t seem to have any guidelines about this matter, either.

One concern is the potential for seismic activity related to injection wells used to store Marcellus drilling wastes. Not a concern now, say the drillers – because this is a gas well, not an injection well. But just three years ago Chesapeake was looking to turn an old gas well in Pulteney, NY into an injection well.

Ever since the earthquake that hit Japan, and the ensuing damage to the Fukushima reactor, seismic activity has been high on the list of “things we oughta be concerned about” for the nuclear facilities managers. As for the folks near Shippingport, PA, a 2010 NRC report found that the Beaver Valley Power Station was ranked the in the top five “most vulnerable” to earthquake damage in the US. Read more here.